13296-1991)
1、尺寸、外形及重量
(1)外徑和壁厚
鋼管的外徑、壁厚見表1。
鋼管的外徑和壁厚的允許偏差見表2。
表1
| 壁厚mm外徑/mm | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 |
| 8.O | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1O.O | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 12.O | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 14.0 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 16.O | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 19.O | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 22.0 | × | X | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 25.O | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 27.0 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 32.0 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 34.0 | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 38.O | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 42.O | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 45.0 | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 48.0 | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 51.0 | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 54.0 | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - |
| 57.0 | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | X | × | × | × | - | - | - | - |
| 60.O | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - |
| 63.O | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - |
| 65.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - |
| 70.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - | - | - | - |
| 76.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 83.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 89.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 102.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - |
| 108.O | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | - |
| 114.O | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 121.O | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 127.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 133.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 140.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 146.O | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 159.O | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
注:表中的符號“×”表示有產品。
表2
| 鋼管種類 | 鋼管尺寸/mm | 允許偏差 |
| 熱軋、熱擠壓管 | 外徑:≤140>140 | ±1.25%±1% |
| 壁厚:≤10>10 | ±12.5%±15% | |
| 冷拔(軋)管 | 外徑:8~30>30~50>50 | ±0.20mm±0.30mm±0.8% |
| 壁厚:1.0~3.0>3.0 | +12%-10%±10% |
注:冷拔(軋)熱交換器鋼管,在公差帶不變的情況下,以正公差交貨。
(2)長度、外形
鋼管的通常長度規定如下:
熱軋(擠)鋼管………………………………………………………3~12m
冷拔(軋)鋼管………………………………………………………3~8m
水管鍋爐用鋼管通常長度為:
熱軋(擠)鋼管………………………………………………………4~12m
冷拔(軋)鋼管………………………………………………………4~8m
鋼管的彎曲度不得大于如下規定:
壁厚≤15mm…………………………………………………………1.5mm/m
壁厚>15mm…………………………………………………………2.0mm/m
(3)重量
鋼管按實際重量交貨,亦可按理論重量交貨。鋼管每米的理論重量按下式計算:
W=л/1000(D-S)Sρ
式中:W—鋼管理論重量,kg/m;
D—鋼管公稱外徑,mm;
S—鋼管公稱壁厚,mm;
ρ—鋼的密度,kg/dm3。
交貨時鋼管的重量,熱軋無縫管按公式計算值加15%,冷拔無縫管按公式計算值加10%為標準數值。
2、牌號和化學成分
鋼的牌號和化學成分(熔煉分析)見表3。
表3
| 組織類型 | 序號 | 牌號 | 化學成分(質量分數)(%) | ||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | - | - | Ni | Cr | M0 | 其他 | |||
| ≤ | |||||||||||
| 奧氏體型 | 1 | 0Crl8Ni9 | O.07 | 1 | 2 | O.035 | O.030 | 8.00~11.00 | 17.00~19.00 | - | - |
| 2 | 1Crl9Ni9 | O.04~O.10 | 1 | 2.00 | O.035 | 0.03 | 8.00~11.00 | 18.00~20.00 | - | - | |
| 3 | 00Crl9Nil0 | O.030 | 1 | 2 | O.035 | 0.03 | 8.00~12.00 | 18.00~20.00 | - | - | |
| 4 | 2Cr23Nil3 | O.20 | 1.00 | 2 | O.035 | O.030 | 12.00~15.00 | 22.00~24.00 | - | - | |
| 5 | OCr23Nil3 | O.08 | 1 | 2 | O.035 | O.030 | 12.00~15.00 | 22.00~24.00 | - | - | |
| 6 | 2Cr25Ni20 | 0.25 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | O.030 | 19.00~22.00 | 24.00~26.00 | - | - | |
| 7 | OCr25Ni20 | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 19.00~22.00 | 24.00~26.00 | - | - | |
| 8 | 0Crl7Nil2M02 | O.08 | 1.00 | 2 | O.035 | O.030 | 10.00~14.00 | 16.00~18.50 | 2.00~3.00 | - | |
| 9 | lCrl7Nil2M02 | 0.04~O.10 | <O.75<DIV> | 2 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 11.00~14.00 | 16.00~18.00 | 2.00~3.00 | - | |
| 10 | 0Crl7Nil4M02 | O.030 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 12.00~15.00 | 16.00~18.00 | 2.00~3.00 | - | |
| 11 | OCrl9Nil3M03 | O.08 | 1.00 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 11.00~15.00 | 18.00~20.00 | 3.00~4.00 | - | |
| 12 | 00Crl9Ni13Mo3 | O.030 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | O.030 | 11.00~15.00 | 18.00~20.00 | 3.00~4.00 | - | |
| 13 | 1Crl8Ni9Ti | O.12 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | O.030 | 8.00~11.00 | 17.00~19.00 | - | Ti×(wc—O.02)~O.80 | |
| 14 | 0Crl8Nil0Ti | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | O.035 | O.030 | 9.00~12.00 | 17.00~19.00 | - | Ti>5×wc | |
| 15 | lCrl8NillTi | O.04~O.10 | <0.75 | 2 | O.030 | 0.03 | 9.00~13.00 | 17.00~20.00 | - | Ti4×wc~O.60 | |
| 16 | 0Crl8NillNb | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | O.035 | 0.03 | 9.00~13.00 | 17.00~19.00 | - | Nb≥lO×wc | |
| 17 | lCrl9NillNb | O.04~0.10 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 9.00~13.00 | 17.00~20.00 | - | Na+Ta≥8×Wc~1.00 | |
| 18 | OCrl8Nil3Si4 | O.08 | 3.00~5.00 | 2 | 0.035 | O.030 | 11.50~15.00 | 15.00~20.00 | - | - | |
| 19 | OCrl8Nil2M02Ti | O.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | O.030 | 11.00~14.00 | 16.00~19.00 | 1.80~2.50 | Ti5×wc~O.70 | |
| 20 | 1Cr18Ni12M02Ti | 0.12 | 1.00 | 2 | O.035 | 0.03 | 11.00~14.00 | 16.00~19.00 | 1.80_2.50 | Ti5×(Wc一0.02)-0.80 | |
| 21 | lCrl8Ni12Mo3Ti | O.12 | 1 | 2 | O.035 | 0.03 | 11.00~14.00 | 16.00~19.00 | 2.50~3.50 | Ti5×(Wc—O.02)0.80 | |
| 奧氏體鐵索體型 | 22 | OCr26Ni5M02 | O.08 | 1 | 1.5 | O.035 | 0.03 | 3.00~6.00 | 23.00~28.00 | 1.00~3.00 | - |
| 鐵素體型 | 23 | 1Crl7 | 0.12 | 0.75 | 1 | 0.035 | 0.03 | - | 16.00~18.00 | - | - |
| 24 | 00Cr27M0 | O.O1O | O.40 | O.40 | O.030 | O.020 | 允許含有 | 25.00~27.50 | O.75~1.50 | N<0.015 | |
| ≤0.50Ni | |||||||||||
| 25 | (1Cr25Ti) | O.12 | 1 | O.80 | 0.035 | O.030 | - | 24.00~27.00 | - | Ti5×Wc~O.80 | |
3、交貨狀態
鋼管經熱處理并酸洗交貨。成品鋼管的推薦熱處理制度見表4。
表4
| 組織類型 | 序號 | 牌號 | 推薦熱處理制度 | 力學性能 | 密度ρ/(g/cm3) | |||
| ób/Mpa | ós或ó0.2/MPa | δ5(%) | ||||||
| ≥ | ||||||||
| 奧氏體型 | 1 | OCrl8Ni9 | 10lO~1150℃ | 急冷 | 520 | 206 | 35 | 7.93 |
| 2 | lCrl9Ni9 | 10lO~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.93 | ||
| 3 | 00Crl9Nil0 | 1010~1150℃ | 480 | 175 | 35 | 7.93 | ||
| 4 | 2Cr23Ni13 | 1030~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 5 | OCr23Nil3 | 1030~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 6 | 2Cr25Ni20 | 1030~1180℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 7 | 0Cr25Ni20 | 1030~1180℃ | 520 | 206 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 8 | OCrl7Nil2M02 | 1010~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 9 | 1Cr17Nil2M02 | >1040℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| lO | 00Crl7Nil4M02 | 10lO~1150℃ | 480 | 175 | 40 | 7.98 | ||
| 11 | OCrl9Ni13Mo3 | 1010~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 12 | 00Crl9Nil3M03 | 1010~1150℃ | 480 | 175 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 13 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | 1000~1100℃ | 550 | 205 | 40 | 7.90 | ||
| 14 | OCrl8NilOTi | 920~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.93 | ||
| 15 | lCrl8Ni11Ti | 冷軋≥1095℃熱軋≥1050℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.93 | ||
| 16 | 0Crl8NillNb | 9801150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 17 | lCrl9NillNb | 冷軋≥1095℃熱軋≥1050℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 18 | 0Crl8Ni13Si4 | 10lO~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
| 19 | OCrl8Ni12Mo2Ti | 1000~1100℃ | 530 | 205 | 35 | 8.O | ||
| 20 | lCrl8Nil2Mo2Ti | 1000~1100℃ | 540 | 215 | 35 | 8.O | ||
| 2l | 1Crl8Nil2M03Ti | 1000~1100℃ | 540 | 215 | 35 | 8.1 | ||
| 奧氏體-鐵素體型 | 22 | OCr26Ni5M02 | 950~1100℃ | - | 590 | 390 | 18 | - |
| 鐵素體型 | 23 | 1Crl7 | 780~850℃ | 空冷或緩冷 | 410 | 245 | 20 | 7.7 |
| 24 | 00Cr27Mo | 900~1050℃ | 快冷 | 410 | 245 | 20 | - | |
| 25 | (1Cr25Ti) | 700~800℃ | 空冷 | 440 | 245 | 17 | 7.7 | |
4、力學性能
熱處理狀態鋼管的縱向力學性能見表4。根據合同要求,測定鋼的屈服強度。
根據合同要求,可做硬度試驗。硬度要求見表5。根據合同要求,可測定高溫屈服強度。
表5
| 鋼管的牌號 | 洛氏硬度 | 鋼管的牌號 | 洛氏硬度 | ||
| HRB | HRC | HRB | HRC | ||
| 0Crl8Ni9/1Crl9Ni9/00Crl9Nil02Cr23Ni13/0Cr23Ni13.2Cr25Ni200Cr25Ni20/0Cr17Nil2M0200C17Nil4M02/OCr18Nil0Ti | <90 | lCrl7Nil2Mo2.1Cr18Ni11TiOCrl8Ni11Nb/1Crl9NillNb | <90 | - | |
| OCr26Ni5M02 | - | <29 | |||
| OCrl8Nil3Si4 | <95 | - | |||
5、工藝性能
(1)水壓試驗
鋼管需逐根進行水壓試驗,試驗壓力按下式計算。最大試驗壓力為20MPa,穩壓時間不少于10s。在試驗壓力下,鋼管不得出現漏水或滲漏。
P=(2SR)/D
式中:P—試驗壓力,MPa;
S—鋼管的公稱壁厚,mm;
D—鋼管的公稱外徑,mm;
R—允許應力。
(2)壓扁試驗
對壁厚不大于10mm的鋼管應做壓扁試驗,壓扁后的試樣不得出現裂縫和裂口,鋼管壓扁后的外壁距離H(mm)按下式計算:
H=(1+a)S/[a+S/D]
式中:H—鋼管壓扁后的外壁距離,mm;
S—鋼管的公稱壁厚,mm;
D—鋼管的公稱外徑,mm;
a—單位長度變形系數。
(3)擴口試驗
對壁厚不大于10
mm的鋼管應做擴口試驗。擴口試驗頂心錐度為60°。擴口后外徑的擴口率,對奧氏體-鐵素體型鋼管為14%,對奧氏體型鋼管為18%,擴口后試樣不得出現裂縫和裂口。
6、腐蝕試驗
奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵索體型鋼管應做晶間腐蝕試驗。
7、晶粒度
1Cr18Ni11Ti鋼管的平均晶粒度應為4~7級。
8、無損檢驗
鋼管應逐支進行超聲波檢驗。檢驗級別按GB/T
5777-1996中的C10級或由供需般方協商處理
9、表面質置
鋼管的內外表面不允許有裂紋、折疊、軋折、結疤、離層和發紋。如有這些缺陷應完全清除掉。清除深度不得超過壁厚的負偏差,其清理處實際壁厚不得小于壁厚所允許的最小值。
在鋼管內外表面上,直道允許深度直如下:
冷撥(軋)管:不大于壁厚的4%,最大深度不大于0.2mm;
熱軋(擠)管:不大于壁厚的5%,最大深度不大于0.4mm。
不超過壁厚負偏差的其他缺陷允許存在。
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