鋼的強度與硬度的關系
鋼材抵抗硬物體壓入的能力,稱為硬度。根據試驗的方法不鋼材抵抗硬物體壓入的能力,稱為硬度。根據試驗的方法不同硬度有布氏硬度(HB)、洛氏硬度(FIR)、維氏硬度(HV)、蕭氏硬度(HS)等不同表示方法。
硬度的測定方法簡便易行,而鋼的抗拉強度與硬度之間在一定條件下存在一定的關系,σb=(0.33~0.36)HB,一般硬度越高強度也越高,所以可以通過測定鋼的硬度粗略地換算出鋼的抗拉強度。表1列出了部分鋼種的硬度與強度。
表1鋼的硬度與強度對照表(根據GB1172-74換算)
| 硬度 | 抗拉強度MPa | ||||||||||||||||
| 洛式 | 表面洛式 | 維式 | 布式① | 碳鋼 | 鉻鋼 | 鉻礬鋼 | 鉻鎳鋼 | 鉻鉬鋼 | 鉻鎳鉬鋼 | 鉻錳硅鋼 | 超高強度鋼 | 不銹鋼 | 不分鋼種 | ||||
| HRC | HRA | HR15N | HR30N | HR45N | HV | HB30D2 | d10、2d54d2.5mm | ||||||||||
| 60 | 81.2 | 90.6 | 77.3 | 66.2 | 713 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2640 | - | 2555 |
| 59.5 | 80.8 | 90.4 | 76.9 | 65.6 | 700 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2570 | - | 2500 |
| 59 | 80.6 | 90.2 | 76.5 | 65.1 | 688 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2510 | - | 2450 |
| 58.5 | 80.3 | 90 | 76.1 | 64.5 | 676 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2450 | - | 2395 |
| 58 | 80.1 | 89.8 | 75.6 | 63.9 | 664 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2395 | - | 2345 |
| 57.5 | 79.8 | 89.6 | 75.2 | 63.4 | 653 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2885 | - | 2295 |
| 57 | 79.5 | 89.4 | 74.8 | 62.8 | 642 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2280 | - | 2250 |
| 56.5 | 79.3 | 89.1 | 74.4 | 62.2 | 631 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2225 | - | 2205 |
| 56 | 79 | 88.9 | 73.9 | 61.7 | 620 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2195 | - | 2160 |
| 55.5 | 78.7 | 88.6 | 73.5 | 61.1 | 609 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2140 | - | 2115 |
| 55 | 78.5 | 88.4 | 73.1 | 60.5 | 599 | - | - | - | - | 2025 | 2055 | - | - | 2045 | 2090 | - | 2075 |
| 54.5 | 78.2 | 88.1 | 72.6 | 59.9 | 589 | - | - | - | - | 1995 | 2020 | - | - | 2010 | 2045 | - | 2035 |
| 54 | 77.9 | 87.9 | 72.2 | 59.4 | 579 | - | - | - | - | 1960 | 1985 | - | - | 1970 | 2005 | - | 1995 |
| 53.5 | 77.7 | 87.6 | 71.8 | 58.8 | 570 | - | - | - | - | 1930 | 1950 | - | - | 1935 | 1965 | - | 1955 |
| 53 | 77.4 | 87.4 | 71.3 | 58.2 | 561 | - | - | - | - | 1900 | 1920 | 1890 | 1945 | 1900 | 1930 | - | 1920 |
| 52.5 | 77.1 | 87.1 | 70.9 | 57.6 | 551 | - | - | - | - | 1870 | 1885 | 1855 | 1915 | 1865 | 1895 | - | 1885 |
| 52 | 76.9 | 86.8 | 70.4 | 57.1 | 543 | - | - | - | 1845 | 1840 | 1850 | 1825 | 1880 | 1835 | 1855 | - | 1850 |
| 51.5 | 76.6 | 86.6 | 70 | 56.5 | 534 | - | - | - | 1805 | 1810 | 1820 | 1795 | 1850 | 1800 | 1825 | - | 1815 |
| 50 | 76.3 | 86.3 | 69.5 | 55.9 | 525 | 501 | 2.73 | - | 1770 | 1780 | 1785 | 1765 | 1820 | 1770 | 1790 | - | 1780 |
| 50.5 | 76.1 | 86 | 69.1 | 55.3 | 517 | 494 | 2.75 | - | 1735 | 1750 | 1755 | 1735 | 1790 | 1740 | 1760 | - | 1750 |
| 50 | 75.8 | 85.7 | 68.6 | 54.7 | 509 | 488 | 2.77 | 1710 | 1700 | 1725 | 1725 | 1705 | 1760 | 1710 | 1730 | 1725 | 1720 |
| 49.5 | 75.5 | 85.5 | 68.2 | 54.2 | 501 | 481 | 2.79 | 1680 | 1665 | 1695 | 1695 | 1675 | 1730 | 1680 | 1700 | 1690 | 1690 |
| 49 | 75.3 | 85.2 | 67.7 | 53.6 | 493 | 474 | 2.81 | 1655 | 1635 | 1670 | 1665 | 1650 | 1700 | 1650 | 1675 | 1655 | 1660 |
| 48.5 | 75 | 84.9 | 67.3 | 53 | 485 | 468 | 2.83 | 1625 | 1605 | 1645 | 1635 | 1620 | 1675 | 1620 | 1645 | 1625 | 1630 |
| 48 | 74.7 | 84.6 | 66.8 | 52.4 | 478 | 461 | 2.85 | 1600 | 1575 | 1620 | 1610 | 1595 | 1645 | 1595 | 1620 | 1590 | 1605 |
| 47.5 | 74.5 | 84.3 | 66.4 | 51.8 | 470 | 455 | 2.87 | 1575 | 1545 | 1590 | 1580 | 1570 | 1615 | 1570 | 1595 | 1560 | 1575 |
| 47 | 74.2 | 84 | 65.9 | 51.2 | 463 | 449 | 2.89 | 1550 | 1520 | 1565 | 1555 | 1545 | 1590 | 1545 | 1570 | 1535 | 1550 |
| 46.5 | 73.9 | 83.7 | 65.5 | 50.7 | 456 | 442 | 2.91 | 1525 | 1495 | 1540 | 1525 | 1520 | 1560 | 1515 | 1545 | 1505 | 15025 |
| 46 | 73.7 | 83.5 | 65 | 50.1 | 449 | 436 | 2.93 | 1505 | 1470 | 1515 | 1500 | 1495 | 1535 | 1500 | 1520 | 1480 | 1495 |
| 45.5 | 73.4 | 83.2 | 64.6 | 49.5 | 443 | 430 | 2.95 | 1480 | 1445 | 1495 | 1475 | 1470 | 1510 | 1470 | 1495 | 1455 | 1475 |
| 45 | 73.2 | 82.9 | 64.1 | 48.9 | 436 | 424 | 2.97 | 1460 | 1420 | 1470 | 1450 | 1445 | 1485 | 1445 | 1475 | 1430 | 1450 |
| 44.5 | 72.9 | 82.6 | 63.6 | 48.3 | 429 | 418 | 2.99 | 1440 | 1400 | 1445 | 1425 | 1420 | 1460 | 1420 | 1450 | 1405 | 1430 |
| 44 | 72.6 | 82.3 | 63.2 | 47.7 | 423 | 413 | 3.01 | 1415 | 1375 | 1425 | 1405 | 1395 | 1440 | 1400 | 1425 | 1385 | 1405 |
| 43.5 | 72.4 | 82 | 62.7 | 47.1 | 417 | 407 | 3.03 | 1395 | 1355 | 1400 | 1380 | 1375 | 1415 | 1380 | 1405 | 1360 | 1385 |
| 43 | 72.1 | 81.7 | 62.3 | 46.5 | 411 | 401 | 3.05 | 1380 | 1335 | 1380 | 1360 | 1350 | 1395 | 1355 | 1380 | 1340 | 1360 |
| 42.5 | 71.8 | 81.4 | 61.8 | 45.9 | 405 | 396 | 3.07 | 1360 | 1315 | 1360 | 1335 | 1330 | 1370 | 1335 | 1360 | 1320 | 1340 |
| 42 | 71.6 | 81.1 | 61.3 | 45.4 | 399 | 391 | 3.09 | 1340 | 1295 | 1340 | 1315 | 1310 | 1350 | 1315 | 1335 | 1300 | 1320 |
| 41.5 | 71.3 | 80.8 | 60.9 | 44.8 | 393 | 385 | 3.11 | 1320 | 1280 | 1315 | 1295 | 1290 | 1325 | 1295 | 1315 | 1280 | 1300 |
| 41 | 71.1 | 80.5 | 60.4 | 44.2 | 388 | 380 | 3.13 | 1305 | 1260 | 1295 | 1275 | 1270 | 1305 | 1275 | 1290 | 1260 | 1280 |
| 40.5 | 70.8 | 80.2 | 60 | 43.6 | 382 | 375 | 3.15 | 1290 | 1245 | 1275 | 1250 | 1250 | 1285 | 1260 | 1265 | 1245 | 1260 |
| 40 | 70.5 | 79.9 | 59.5 | 43 | 377 | 370 | 3.17 | 1270 | 1225 | 1255 | 1235 | 1230 | 1265 | 1240 | 1245 | 1225 | 1245 |
| 39.5 | 70.3 | 79.6 | 59 | 42.4 | 372 | 365 | 3.19 | 1255 | 1210 | 1240 | 1215 | 1210 | 1245 | 1220 | 1220 | 1210 | 1225 |
| 39 | 70 | 79.3 | 58.6 | 41.8 | 367 | 360 | 3.21 | 1230 | 1190 | 1220 | 1195 | 1190 | 1225 | 1205 | 1195 | 1190 | 1210 |
| 38.5 | - | 79 | 58.1 | 41.2 | 362 | 355 | 3.24 | 1220 | 1175 | 1200 | 1175 | 1175 | 1205 | 1190 | 1170 | 1175 | 1190 |
| 38 | - | 78.7 | 57.6 | 40.6 | 357 | 350 | 3.26 | 1205 | 1160 | 1185 | 1160 | 1155 | 1190 | 1170 | - | 1160 | 1175 |
| 37.5 | - | 78.4 | 57.2 | 40 | 352 | 345 | 3.28 | 1190 | 1145 | 1165 | 1140 | 1140 | 1170 | 1155 | - | 1145 | 1155 |
| 37 | - | 78.1 | 56.7 | 39.4 | 347 | 341 | 3.3 | 1175 | 1130 | 1150 | 1125 | 1120 | 1155 | 1140 | - | 1130 | 1140 |
| 36.5 | - | 77.8 | 56.2 | 38.8 | 342 | 336 | 3.32 | 1160 | 1115 | 1130 | 1110 | 1105 | 1135 | 1125 | - | 1115 | 1125 |
| 36 | - | 77.5 | 55.8 | 38.2 | 338 | 332 | 3.34 | 1140 | 1100 | 1115 | 1095 | 1090 | 1120 | 1110 | - | 1100 | 1110 |
| 35.5 | - | 77.2 | 55.3 | 37.6 | 333 | 327 | 3.37 | 1135 | 1090 | 1100 | 1080 | 1075 | 1105 | 1095 | - | 1090 | 1095 |
| 35 | - | 77 | 54.8 | 37 | 329 | 323 | 3.39 | 1120 | 1075 | 1085 | 1065 | 1060 | 1085 | 1080 | - | 1075 | 1080 |
| 34.5 | - | 76.7 | 54.4 | 36.5 | 324 | 318 | 3.41 | 1105 | 1060 | 1065 | 1050 | 1045 | 1070 | 1065 | - | 1060 | 1065 |
| 34 | - | 76.4 | 53.9 | 35.9 | 320 | 314 | 3.43 | 1090 | 1045 | 1050 | 1035 | 1030 | 1055 | 1015 | - | 1045 | 1050 |
| 33.5 | - | 76.1 | 53.4 | 35.3 | 316 | 310 | 3.46 | 1080 | 1035 | 1035 | 1020 | 1015 | 1040 | 1040 | - | 1035 | 1035 |
| 33 | - | 75.8 | 53 | 34.7 | 312 | 306 | 3.48 | 1065 | 1020 | 1020 | 1005 | 1000 | 1025 | 1025 | - | 1020 | 1020 |
| 32.5 | - | 75.5 | 52.5 | 34.1 | 308 | 302 | 3.5 | 1050 | 1010 | 1010 | 995 | 990 | 1010 | 1015 | - | 1010 | 1010 |
| 32 | - | 75.2 | 52 | 33.5 | 304 | 298 | 3.52 | 1040 | 995 | 995 | 980 | 975 | 1000 | 1000 | - | 995 | 995 |
| 31.5 | - | 74.9 | 51.6 | 32.9 | 300 | 294 | 3.54 | 1025 | 985 | 980 | 970 | 960 | 985 | 990 | - | 985 | 980 |
| 31 | - | 74.7 | 51.1 | 32.3 | 296 | 291 | 3.56 | 1015 | 970 | 965 | 955 | 950 | 970 | 975 | - | 970 | 970 |
| 30.5 | - | 74.4 | 50.6 | 31.7 | 292 | 287 | 3.59 | 1000 | 960 | 955 | 945 | 935 | 960 | 965 | - | 960 | 955 |
| 30 | - | 74.1 | 50.2 | 31.1 | 289 | 283 | 3.61 | 990 | 950 | 940 | 935 | 925 | 945 | 955 | - | 945 | 945 |
| 29.5 | - | 73.8 | 49.7 | 30.5 | 285 | 280 | 3.63 | 980 | 935 | 930 | 925 | 915 | 935 | 945 | - | 935 | 935 |
| 29 | - | 73.5 | 49.2 | 29.9 | 281 | 276 | 3.65 | 960 | 925 | 915 | 915 | 900 | 920 | 935 | - | 925 | 920 |
| 28.5 | - | 73.3 | 48.7 | 29.3 | 278 | 273 | 3.67 | 955 | 915 | 905 | 905 | 890 | 910 | 925 | - | 915 | 910 |
| 28 | - | 73 | 48.3 | 28.7 | 274 | 269 | 3.7 | 940 | 900 | 890 | 895 | 880 | 900 | 910 | - | 900 | 900 |
| 27.5 | - | 72.7 | 47.8 | 28.1 | 271 | 266 | 3.72 | 930 | 890 | 880 | 885 | 870 | 890 | 900 | - | 890 | 890 |
| 27 | - | 72.4 | 47.3 | 27.5 | 268 | 263 | 3.74 | 920 | 880 | 870 | 880 | 860 | 880 | 890 | - | 880 | 880 |
| 26.5 | - | 72.2 | 46.9 | 26.9 | 264 | 260 | 3.76 | 910 | 870 | 860 | 865 | 850 | 870 | 885 | - | 870 | 865 |
| 26 | - | 71.9 | 46.4 | 26.3 | 261 | 257 | 3.78 | 895 | 860 | 845 | 860 | 840 | 860 | 875 | - | 860 | 855 |
| 25.5 | - | 71.6 | 45.9 | 25.7 | 258 | 254 | 3.8 | 885 | 850 | 840 | 850 | 830 | 850 | 865 | - | 845 | 845 |
| 25 | - | 71.4 | 45.5 | 25.1 | 255 | 251 | 3.83 | 875 | 840 | 825 | 845 | 820 | - | 855 | - | 835 | 835 |
| 24.5 | - | 71.1 | 45 | 24.5 | 252 | 248 | 3.85 | 865 | 830 | 815 | 835 | 815 | - | 850 | - | 825 | 830 |
| 24 | - | 70.8 | 44.5 | 23.9 | 249 | 245 | 3.87 | 855 | 820 | 805 | 830 | 805 | - | 840 | - | 815 | 820 |
| 23.5 | - | 70.6 | 44 | 23.3 | 246 | 242 | 3.89 | 845 | 810 | 800 | 820 | 800 | - | 830 | - | 805 | 810 |
| 23 | - | 70.3 | 43.6 | 22.7 | 243 | 240 | 3.91 | 835 | 800 | 785 | 815 | 790 | - | 825 | - | 795 | 800 |
| 22.5 | - | 70 | 43.1 | 22.1 | 240 | 237 | 3.93 | 825 | 790 | 780 | 810 | 780 | - | 815 | - | 785 | 790 |
| 22 | - | 69.8 | 42.6 | 21.5 | 237 | 234 | 3.95 | 815 | 780 | 770 | 805 | 775 | - | 810 | - | 780 | 785 |
| 21.5 | - | 69.5 | 42.2 | 21 | 234 | 232 | 3.97 | 805 | 770 | 760 | 800 | 765 | - | 800 | - | 765 | 775 |
| 21 | - | 69 | 41.2 | 19.8 | 229 | 227 | 4.02 | 785 | 750 | 745 | 785 | 755 | - | 785 | - | 750 | 760 |
| 20.5 | - | 68.8 | 40.7 | 19.2 | 226 | 225 | 4.03 | 775 | 740 | 735 | 780 | 745 | - | 780 | - | 740 | 750 |
| 20 | - | 68.5 | 40.3 | 18.6 | 223 | 222 | 4.05 | 765 | 735 | 730 | 780 | 740 | - | 775 | - | 730 | 745 |
| 19.5 | - | 68.3 | 39.8 | 18 | 221 | 220 | 4.07 | 755 | 725 | 720 | 775 | 735 | - | 765 | - | 725 | 735 |
| 19 | - | 68 | 39.3 | 17.4 | 218 | 218 | 4.09 | 745 | 715 | 715 | 770 | 730 | - | 760 | - | 715 | 730 |
| 18.5 | - | 67.8 | 38.9 | 16.8 | 218 | 216 | 4.11 | 740 | 710 | 705 | 765 | 725 | - | 755 | - | 705 | 725 |
| 18 | - | 67.6 | 38.4 | 16.2 | 214 | 214 | 4.13 | 730 | 700 | 700 | 760 | 715 | - | 750 | - | 700 | 715 |
| 17.5 | - | 67.3 | 37.9 | 15.6 | 211 | 211 | 4.15 | 720 | 690 | 690 | 755 | 710 | - | 740 | - | 690 | 710 |
©2008-2023 福建明海鑫企業股份有限公司 閩ICP備07035527號-1
閩公網安備 35040302610038號